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Per Capita Economic Comparison and Analysis: Five MENA Countries (2023)


Executive Summary

This report analyzes the per capita economic performance of Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, and Jordan in 2023. Key highlights include:

  • Economic Scale: Egypt has the largest nominal GDP, while Jordan leads in several per capita metrics.

  • Living Standards: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjustments show Egypt’s economy as significantly larger relative to nominal figures.

  • Challenges: Each country faces unique issues, such as high inflation in Egypt and Syria, and debt challenges in Jordan.


Core Economic Indicators Per Capita (2023)

GDP: Nominal vs PPP Values

Country Nominal GDP GDP (PPP) Nominal GDP Per Capita GDP (PPP) Per Capita
Egypt $475.2B $1.59T $4,525 $15,145
Tunisia $46.8B $164.3B $3,805 $13,360
Morocco $133.1B $340.2B $3,550 $9,075
Syria* $22.8B* $50.3B* $1,250* $2,764*
Jordan $49.7B $118.6B $4,480 $10,685

*Figures for Syria are estimates due to limited data availability.

Observations:

  • Egypt has the highest nominal and PPP GDP values, reflecting its large economy.

  • Jordan performs best in terms of service output per capita.


Comparative Economic Performance Analysis

Population and Key Indicators

Indicator Egypt Tunisia Morocco Syria* Jordan
Population 105M 12.3M 37.5M 18.2M 11.1M
FDI Per Capita $84.76 $65.04 $56.00 $2.75* $127.93
External Debt Per Capita $1,551 $3,350 $1,744 N/A* $4,324
Foreign Reserves Per Capita $325.71 $658.54 $872.00 N/A* $1,261.26

*Syria’s data is estimated.

Trade Metrics (2023)

Metric Egypt Tunisia Morocco Syria* Jordan
Exports Per Capita $430.48 $1,341.46 $994.67 $89.56* $1,621.62
Imports Per Capita $785.71 $2,016.26 $1,682.67 $276.92* $2,702.70
Trade Balance Per Capita -$355.23 -$674.80 -$688.00 -$187.36* -$1,081.08

Government Finance Per Capita

Indicator Egypt Tunisia Morocco Syria* Jordan
Public Debt Per Capita $3,945 $3,131 $2,446 N/A* $8,960
Government Revenue Per Capita $1,048 $1,463 $1,253 $125* $2,072
Government Expenditure Per Capita $1,371 $1,789 $1,467 $187* $2,477

GDP Composition by Sector Per Capita (2023)

Sector Egypt Tunisia Morocco Syria* Jordan
Services $2,471 $2,347 $1,803 $675* $2,910
Industry $1,439 $959 $1,033 $375* $1,075
Agriculture $615 $498 $713 $200* $495

*Syria’s figures are estimates.


Inflation Trends (2020-2023)

Year Egypt Tunisia Morocco Syria* Jordan
2023 23.5% 9.3% 6.1% 139%* 2.5%
2022 16.2% 8.3% 6.6% 105%* 4.2%
2021 5.9% 5.7% 1.4% 89%* 1.3%
2020 5.1% 5.6% 0.7% 114%* 0.4%

Key Economic Challenges by Country

Country Primary Challenges
Egypt High inflation, currency pressure, population growth
Tunisia High unemployment, public debt, political instability
Morocco Regional disparities, youth unemployment, water scarcity
Syria Post-conflict reconstruction, sanctions, institutional rebuilding
Jordan Resource scarcity, refugee pressure, regional instability

Comparative Rankings

Category Top Performer Notes
Economic Stability Jordan Low inflation and stable monetary policy
Growth Potential Egypt Large economy with potential for reforms
Trade Integration Jordan Highest trade intensity per capita
Fiscal Health Morocco Moderate debt and stable public finances

Future Outlook

Country 2030 Low Estimate 2030 High Estimate
Egypt $6,042 $7,083
Tunisia $4,769 $5,385
Morocco $4,625 $5,250
Syria $1,800 $2,500
Jordan $5,200 $6,100

Notes

  • Projections assume no major political or economic upheavals.

  • Syria’s estimates depend heavily on reconstruction and normalization of trade.


Sources and Methodology

Primary Data Sources:

  • IMF World Economic Outlook Database

  • World Bank Development Indicators

  • National Statistical Agencies

Important Notes:

  • Syria’s figures are largely estimated and subject to uncertainty.

  • All monetary values are in current USD.

  • PPP values reflect relative living standards better than nominal figures.

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